An Evaluation of Nurses' Adherence to Standard Precautions in Delta State Specialist Hospital
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Background of the Study
Standard precautions are a set of infection control measures designed to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases in healthcare settings. These include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), safe injection practices, proper waste disposal, and environmental cleaning (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). The importance of adherence to standard precautions in healthcare settings cannot be overemphasized, as non-compliance increases the risk of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) among patients and healthcare workers (Adeyemi & Musa, 2023).
In Nigeria, studies have shown that the rate of compliance with standard precautions varies widely among healthcare workers due to factors such as inadequate training, lack of resources, and workplace fatigue (Okonkwo et al., 2024). Nurses, being frontline healthcare providers, play a crucial role in implementing infection prevention measures. However, reports suggest that some nurses do not consistently adhere to these guidelines due to work overload, limited access to PPE, and knowledge gaps (Eze et al., 2023).
Delta State Specialist Hospital, a major referral hospital, serves a high volume of patients with infectious diseases. Ensuring that nurses strictly adhere to standard precautions is crucial for minimizing infection risks and improving patient safety. This study aims to evaluate nurses' adherence to standard precautions in Delta State Specialist Hospital, identifying barriers to compliance and proposing strategies for improvement.
Statement of the Problem
Hospital-acquired infections pose a significant challenge in healthcare facilities, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs (Musa & Okoro, 2024). Despite global and national efforts to promote infection control, non-adherence to standard precautions remains a problem among nurses in many Nigerian hospitals (Chukwu & Adebayo, 2024).
Preliminary observations at Delta State Specialist Hospital suggest that some nurses neglect essential precautions such as hand hygiene, proper use of PPE, and safe handling of sharps. This raises concerns about patient and worker safety, especially in the face of emerging infectious diseases. Identifying the factors contributing to poor adherence and recommending solutions is crucial to enhancing infection control practices in the hospital.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the level of adherence to standard precautions among nurses in Delta State Specialist Hospital.
- To identify barriers affecting nurses' compliance with standard precautions.
- To propose strategies for improving adherence to standard precautions in the hospital.
Research Questions
- What is the level of adherence to standard precautions among nurses in Delta State Specialist Hospital?
- What are the challenges preventing nurses from fully complying with standard precautions?
- What measures can be implemented to improve adherence to standard precautions?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses at Delta State Specialist Hospital adhere to standard precautions effectively.
- There is a significant relationship between nurses’ adherence to standard precautions and hospital-acquired infection rates.
- Addressing barriers to adherence will significantly improve infection control practices.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on nurses in Delta State Specialist Hospital, examining their level of adherence to standard precautions and identifying challenges they face. Limitations may include self-reported compliance, which may not accurately reflect actual practices, and variability in resource availability across hospital departments.
Definitions of Terms
- Standard Precautions: Infection control practices applied to all patients, regardless of their infectious status, to prevent disease transmission.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Equipment such as gloves, masks, and gowns used to protect healthcare workers from infection.
- Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs): Infections acquired by patients during hospital stays that were not present at the time of admission.
- Hand Hygiene: A key infection control measure involving proper handwashing or sanitizing.
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